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安装淘宝开源web服务器tengine替换nginx并使用proxy_cache做前端代理

简介 Tengine是由淘宝网发起的Web服务器项目。它在Nginx的基础上,针对大访问量网站的需求,添加了很多高级功能和特性。Tengine的性能和稳定性已经在大型的网站如淘宝网,天猫商城等得到了很好的检验。它的最终目标是打造一个高效、稳定、安全、易用的Web平台。

目前稳定版[2013-11-22] Tengine-1.5.2 特性 继承Nginx-1.2.9的所有特性,100%兼容Nginx的配置; 动态模块加载(DSO)支持。加入一个模块不再需要重新编译整个Tengine; 流式上传到HTTP后端服务器或FastCGI服务器,大量减少机器的I/O压力; 更加强大的负载均衡能力,包括一致性hash模块、会话保持模块,还可以对后端的服务器进行主动健康检查,根据服务器状态自动上线下线; 输入过滤器机制支持。通过使用这种机制Web应用防火墙的编写更为方便; 动态脚本语言Lua支持。扩展功能非常高效简单; 支持管道(pipe)和syslog(本地和远端)形式的日志以及日志抽样; 组合多个CSS、JavaScript文件的访问请求变成一个请求; 自动去除空白字符和注释从而减小页面的体积 自动根据CPU数目设置进程个数和绑定CPU亲缘性; 监控系统的负载和资源占用从而对系统进行保护; 显示对运维人员更友好的出错信息,便于定位出错机器; 更强大的防攻击(访问速度限制)模块; 更方便的命令行参数,如列出编译的模块列表、支持的指令等; 可以根据访问文件类型设置过期时间; …

安装jemalloc可以增加性能

cd /root/src/toolkits/ wget http://www.canonware.com/download/jemalloc/jemalloc-3.4.1.tar.bz2 tar jxvf jemalloc-3.4.1.tar.bz2 cd jemalloc-3.4.1 ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/jemalloc-3.4.1 make && make install ldconfig

GeoIP白名单

wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/GeoIP.tar.gz tar -zxvf GeoIP.tar.gz cd GeoIP-1.4.6 ./configure make; make install ldconfig

使用proxy_cache时增加purge模块

wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.1.tar.gz tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.1.tar.gz –add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.1

后端nginx编译时需加上–with-http_realip_module以获取真实ip,并指定来源

set_real_ip_from 61.199.67.2; #前端ip set_real_ip_from 192.168.0.111;#前端ip real_ip_header X-Real-IP;

编译安装tengine jemalloc为编译路径

wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz tar zxvf tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz cd tengine-1.5.1 ./configure –user=www –group=website –prefix=/opt/tengine-1.5.1 –add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.1 –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_realip_module \ –with-http_concat_module=shared \ –with-http_sysguard_module=shared \ –with-http_limit_conn_module=shared \ –with-http_limit_req_module=shared \ –with-http_footer_filter_module=shared \ –with-http_upstream_ip_hash_module=shared \ –with-http_upstream_least_conn_module=shared \ –with-http_upstream_session_sticky_module=shared \ –with-jemalloc=/root/src/lempelf/packages/jemalloc-3.4.1 make make install

GeoIp数据

cd /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCountry/GeoIP.dat.gz gunzip GeoIP.dat.gz chgrp -R website /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf chmod -R 764 /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf chmod 774 /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf

复制原nginx的配制文件于tengine

cd /opt/nginx/conf cp awstats.conf fcgi.conf htpasswd block.conf nginx.conf /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/

检测配置文件

/opt/tengine-1.5.1/sbin/nginx -t -c /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf nginx: [emerg] unknown directive “limit_zone” in /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf:71 nginx: [emerg] unknown directive “limit_conn” in /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf:136 如果有以上错误,需去掉limit_conn配置,ngx_http_limit_conn_module 模块在新版已使用新指令

增加新的功能 vi /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf 根据cpu数量自动设定Tengine的worker进程数量,并进行cpu绑定。

worker_processes auto; worker_cpu_affinity auto;

关闭系统信息

server_info off; server_tag off;

ngx_http_sysguard_module 系统过载保护

sysguard on; sysguard_load load=10.5 action=/loadlimit; sysguard_mem swapratio=20% action=/swaplimit; sysguard_mem free=100M action=/freelimit; location /loadlimit { return 503; } location /swaplimit { return 503; } location /freelimit { return 503; }

ngx_http_limit_req_module 并发限制模块

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:3m rate=1r/s; limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $uri zone=two:3m rate=1r/s; limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $request_uri zone=three:3m rate=1r/s; location / { limit_req zone=one burst=5; limit_req zone=two forbid_action=@test1; limit_req zone=three burst=3 forbid_action=@test2; } location /off { limit_req off; } location @test1 { rewrite ^ /test1.html; } location @test2 { rewrite ^ /test2.html; }

删除旧的nginx软链接,给tengine增加软链接 rm /opt/nginx ln -s /opt/tengine-1.5.1 /opt/nginx

一个完整的nginx.conf

user www website; worker_processes auto; worker_cpu_affinity auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log error; pid /dev/shm/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; dso { load ngx_http_footer_filter_module.so; load ngx_http_limit_conn_module.so; load ngx_http_limit_req_module.so; load ngx_http_sysguard_module.so; load ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.so; load ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.so; load ngx_http_upstream_session_sticky_module.so; } events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘ ‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’; open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s min_uses=2 valid=1m; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #linux 2.4+ sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; #tengine server_info off; server_tag off; #server_tag Apache; server_tokens off; server_name_in_redirect off; keepalive_timeout 60; client_header_buffer_size 16k; client_body_timeout 60; client_max_body_size 8m; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By; fastcgi_connect_timeout 180; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 128K; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm; #open_file_cache max=51200 inactive=20s; #open_file_cache_valid 30s; #open_file_cache_min_uses 2; #open_file_cache_errors off; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_proxied any; limit_req_log_level error; limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $uri zone=two:30m rate=10r/s; #访问限制白名单 geo $white_ip { #ranges; default 0; 127.0.0.1/32 1; 182.55.21.28/32 1; 192.168.0.0/16 1; 61.199.67.0/24 1; } client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; #注:proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区 proxy_temp_path /opt/nginx/proxy_temp_dir; #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_www,内存缓存空间大小为3000MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。 proxy_cache_path /opt/nginx/proxy_cache_www levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_www:3000m inactive=1d max_size=20g; upstream www_server { server 192.168.0.131:80; } server { listen 80 default; server_name _; return 444; access_log off; } server { listen 80; server_name www.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/htdocs/www; access_log /var/log/nginx/proxy.www.c1gstudio.com.log access buffer=24k; if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; } limit_req_whitelist geo_var_name=white_ip geo_var_value=1; limit_req zone=two burst=50 forbid_action=/visitfrequently.html; location @visitfrequently { rewrite ^ /visitfrequently.html; } location ~/\.ht { deny all; } #用于清除缓存,假设一个URL为http://192.168.8.42/test.txt,通过访问http://192.168.8.42/purge/test.txt就可以清除该URL的缓存。 location ~ /purge(/.*) { #设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。 allow 127.0.0.1; allow 192.168.0.0/16; deny all; proxy_cache_purge cache_www $host$1$is_args$args; error_page 405 =200 /purge$1; #处理squidclient purge的时候出现的405错误 } if ( $request_method = “PURGE” ) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /purge$1 last; } location / { error_page 502 504 /502.html; proxy_set_header Host $host; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://www_server; add_header X-Cache Cache-Skip; } location ~ 404\.html$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://www_server; add_header X-Cache Cache-Skip; } location ~ .*\.(htm|html|)?$ { #如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。 proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_cache cache_www; #对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间 proxy_cache_valid 200 304 5m; #以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内 proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_http_version 1.1; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://www_server; #支持后台expires proxy_ignore_headers “Cache-Control” “Expires”; add_header X-Cache Cache; } location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|rar|zip|css|js)$ { valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif; return 412; break; } access_log off; #如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。 proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_cache cache_www; #对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间 proxy_cache_valid 200 304 5m; #以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内 proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_http_version 1.1; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://www_server; #支持后台expires proxy_ignore_headers “Cache-Control” “Expires”; add_header X-Cache Cache; } } }

启动tengine /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx

观察了下top降低了许多

===========2014/1/3更新============= 如果负载时大时小可能有io瓶颈,可以将proxy_cache放到/dev/shm 中来解决.(/dev/shm默认为内存一半大小) 创建目录并加入开机执行

mkdir /dev/shm/nginx

vi /etc/rc.local 在nginx启动前加入 mkdir /dev/shm/nginx

修改nginx.conf

proxy_temp_path /dev/shm/nginx/proxy_temp_dir; #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_www,内存缓存空间大小为3000MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。 proxy_cache_path /dev/shm/nginx/proxy_cache_www levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_www:3000m inactive=1d max_size=20g;

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