nginx rewrite 参数和例子

推荐参考地址： Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区 http://marc.info/?l=nginx

Nginx 常见应用技术指南[Nginx Tips] http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。

正则表达式匹配，其中：

* ~ 为区分大小写匹配 * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配 * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件 * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录 * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录 * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则 * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址 * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

$args $content_length $content_type $document_root $document_uri $host $http_user_agent $http_cookie $limit_rate $request_body_file $request_method $remote_addr $remote_port $remote_user $request_filename $request_uri $query_string $scheme $server_protocol $server_addr $server_name $server_port $uri

结合QeePHP的例子

if (!-d $request_filename) { rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last; rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last; break;

多目录转成参数 abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) { set $sub_name $1; rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last; }

目录对换 /123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break; }

目录自动加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; }

禁止htaccess

location ~/\.ht { deny all; }

禁止多个目录

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ { deny all; break; }

禁止以/data开头的文件 可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

location ~ ^/data { deny all; }

禁止单个目录 不能禁止.log.txt能请求

location /searchword/cron/ { deny all; }

禁止单个文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql { deny all; }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间; 这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

location ~(favicon.ico) { log_not_found off; expires 99d; break; } location ~(robots.txt) { log_not_found off; expires 7d; break; }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js { access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 600; break; }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间 这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求 “rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片 “access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力 “expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ { valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif; return 412; break; } access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 3d; break; }

只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

root /opt/htdocs/www; allow 208.97.167.194; allow 222.33.1.2; allow 231.152.49.4; deny all; auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”; auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果 /job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录 如/ shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/ 如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用， 如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯 (-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; }

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

if (!-e $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; }

域名跳转

server { listen 80; server_name jump.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/; access_log off; }

多域名转向

server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs; if ($host ~ “c1gstudio\.net”) { rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent; }

三级域名跳转

if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$”) { rewrite ^(.*) http://top.c1gstudio.com$1; break; }

域名镜向

server { listen 80; server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last; access_log off; }

某个子目录作镜向

location ^~ /zhaopinhui { rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last; break; }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last; rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last; rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com; location = / { if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) { rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last; break; } }

discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

location ^~ /ucenter { location ~ .*\.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location /ucenter/data/avatar { log_not_found off; access_log off; location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif; } expires 300; break; } }

jspace rewrite

location ~ .*\.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~* ^/index.php/ { rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; }

wordpress rewrite

location / { index index.html index.php; if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; } if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite (.*) /index.php; } }

2010-1-11更新

discuzx 1.5 rewrite

rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+)-(.+)\.html$ $1/$2.php?rewrite=$3 last; if (!-e $request_filename) { return 404; }

动态参数rewrite 以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5为例

if ($query_string ~* tid=([0-9]+)) { set $id $1; rewrite “^(.*)/viewthread.php$” $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1 last; } if ($query_string ~* gid=([0-9]+)) { set $id $1; rewrite “^(.*)/index.php$” $1/forum.php?gid=$id last; } rewrite ^([^\.]*)/archiver/$ $1/forum.php?archiver=1 last;

2011-4-21更新

nginx 嵌套if nginx不支持if and和多层嵌套if,让我头痛很久,需要通过其它方法实现. 下面是把访问镜像网站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬虫转到www站.

set $needrewrite ”; if ($http_user_agent ~* (baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)) { set $needrewrite ‘o’; } if ($host ~ cnc\.c1gstudio\.com) { set $needrewrite “${needrewrite}k”; } if ($needrewrite = ok) { #return 403; rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent; }

reload nginx后可以用curl来做测试 curl -I -A “soso” cnc.c1gstudio.com

apache 转 nginx 规则工具 http://www.ubuntuset.com/apache2nginx